G15 · The past: でした and かった
Goal: talk about what was (6 example sentences).
Before you start
The sentences only use words you already know from hiragana, katakana and the beginner level.
This lesson assumes what you saw in the earlier ones. If something feels shaky, go back to it:
- G01build sentences with は and です
- G02ask and answer
- G03say what something is not
- G04say whose something is
- G05point at things and ask what they are
- G06say «also»
- G07say what you do
- G08say no and talk about the past
- G09say where you go
- G10say where you do something
- G11describe things and say they aren't
- G12describe with な-adjectives and before a noun
- G13say what there is and where
- G14ask and say where something is
What you learn
〜でした/〜じゃ ありませんでした/〜かったです
- でしたwas
- じゃ ありませんでしたwas not
- かったpast い-adjective
With nouns and な-adjectives, です becomes でした and じゃ ありません becomes じゃ ありませんでした. い-adjectives change the final い to かった and keep です: さむかったです (not さむいでした). いい → よかったです.
Examples
- きのうは あめでした。kinou wa ame deshita.It rained yesterday.
- きのうは やすみじゃ ありませんでした。kinou wa yasumi ja arimasen deshita.Yesterday wasn't a day off.
- きのうは さむかったです。kinou wa samukatta desu.It was cold yesterday.
- ばんごはんは おいしかったです。bangohan wa oishikatta desu.Dinner was delicious.
- しゅくだいは かんたんでした。shukudai wa kantan deshita.The homework was easy.
- えいがは よかったです。eiga wa yokatta desu.The film was good.
Practice
Two rounds: first you pick what each sentence means; then you complete it with the missing form.
Reading in context
A short text written only with the kana and grammar you already know. Read it and answer.
A friend talks about the weekend:
にちようびは あめでした。えいがを みました。よかったです。
nichiyoubi wa ame deshita. eiga o mimashita. yokatta desu.
How was Sunday?
Translation
On Sunday it rained. I watched a film. It was good.