IN09 · Causes and effects

Before you start

This level assumes the elementary level and elementary grammar. From here on, words are in kanji with their reading above; in the reading round you'll see the kanji alone.

This lesson assumes what you saw in the earlier ones. If something feels shaky, go back to it:

• IN01understanding simple headlines
• IN02talking about society
• IN03talking about the planet
• IN04buying and paying wisely
• IN05talking about devices and faults
• IN06talking about studies and exams
• IN07organizing meetings and notices
• IN08giving and explaining your opinion

What you learn

ぞうか (increase) and げんしょう (decrease) are the nouns for ふえる and へる (IN03). They are common in the news: じんこうの げんしょう (population decline).

You practise them in kana; underneath you can see how they are usually written.

• 影響えいきょうeikyouinfluence, effect
• 目的もくてきmokutekipurpose, aim
• 変化へんかhenkachange (transformation)
• 増加ぞうかzoukaincrease (noun)
• 減少げんしょうgenshoudecrease (noun)
• 発生はっせいhasseioccurrence, outbreak
• 起おこるokoruhappen, occurThere is also おこる = 怒る (get angry). Here you learn 起こる, to happen.
• 続つづくtsuzukucontinue
• 結局けっきょくkekkyokuin the end

Practice

A short text with words and grammar you already know; kanji carry their reading above. Read it and answer.